Multiply Strings

字符串相乘

题目

Given two non-negative integers num1 and num2 represented as strings, return the product of num1 and num2, also represented as a string.

Example 1:

Input: num1 = “2”, num2 = “3”
Output: “6”
Example 2:

Input: num1 = “123”, num2 = “456”
Output: “56088”
Note:

The length of both num1 and num2 is < 110.
Both num1 and num2 contain only digits 0-9.
Both num1 and num2 do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.
You must not use any built-in BigInteger library or convert the inputs to integer directly.

解析重点

num1的第i位(高位从0开始)和num2的第j位相乘的结果在乘积中的位置是[i+j, i+j+1]
例: 123 * 45, 123的第1位 2 和45的第0位 4 乘积 08 存放在结果的第[1, 2]位中
index: 0 1 2 3 4

    1 2 3
*     4 5
---------
      1 5
    1 0
  0 5
---------
  0 6 1 5
    1 2
  0 8
0 4
---------
0 5 5 3 5

这样我们就可以单独都对每一位进行相乘计算把结果存入相应的index中

java代码

class Solution {
    public String multiply(String num1, String num2) {
    int m = num1.length(), n = num2.length();
    int[] pos = new int[m + n];
   
    for(int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        for(int j = n - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
            int mul = (num1.charAt(i) - '0') * (num2.charAt(j) - '0'); 
            int p1 = i + j, p2 = i + j + 1;
            int sum = mul + pos[p2];

            pos[p1] += sum / 10;
            pos[p2] = (sum) % 10;
        }
    }  
    
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    for(int p : pos) if(!(sb.length() == 0 && p == 0)) sb.append(p);
    return sb.length() == 0 ? "0" : sb.toString();
	}
}